crickmer



Jari. 31,1928. I1,657,607

C. S. CRICKMER WELL DRILLING BIT `Filed June 9, 192.5 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Jan. 31, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES S. CRICKMER, OF DALLAS, TEXAS, ASSIGNOR TO THE GUIBERSONGOR?RA TION, 0F DALLAS, TEXAS, A CORPRATIDN 0F DELAWARE.

WELL-DRILLING BIT.

Application ffcd .Tune 9, 1925.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in well drilling bits.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide certain in'iprovements in the struct tures set forth in appendingapplication Eier. No. 71l9,5st7 and to add certain other iniproveinents thereover. i

An important object of the invention :lsto mount a plurality of wobbling` disks in eccentric relation, whereby in their revolution they will undergo relative radial movement so that drillinpjs lodging between the disks will be displaced radially from the axle thereof, the disks thus being;- self-cleinringl -i and nolrclogging, as well as self-sharpening. another object :is to provide spacingv huhs on the disks which will act to keep the cutting' edges of the disks apart and to grind matter lodgtg'inlii` between said hubs, due to the l shearing action resultingv from the eccentric mounting.

A further object is to provide a disk with a flaring bearing aperture which induces wobbling of the disk during` revolution and also provides an amplified bearing and wearing surface.

An important object of the invention resides in a novel method of fastening the disk axles or shafts in the bit body, whereby said axles are readily and properly positioned and are held against rotation after beingput in place.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved means of mount-ing' and -2 supporting the disks in the bit body and whereby wearingI parts niay be easily re placed and the main portion of the body preserved.

Another object is to provide an axle Drin i vided with eccentric collars but having` its bearing' ends concentric to the collars contiguous thereto, whereby said axle is balanced and is thus held against rotatie-n.

A construction designed to carry out the invention will be hereinafter described together with other features of the invention.

The invention will be more readily understood from a readingl of the followingl siriecilication and by 'reference to the accompanying drawings, in which an example of the invention is shown, and wherein:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a bit constructed in accordance with the invention,

Fig- 2 is a side elevation of the saine,

Serial No. 36,025.

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line .3-3 of Fig. 2,

Fig. d is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken on the line i-ll of Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 is an underside view of the stock with one of the cheek plates in section,

lfig. 6 is an enlarged end elevation of one of the axles,

Fig. 7 is a side view of the bit with one of the cheek plates removed, and

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 5.

.in the drawings the nun'ieral 10 designates abit body or stock having` a reduced tapered pin 11 or any other drill stem connection at its upper end. rl`he pin is surrounded by an outwardly directed shoulder 12. The upper portion of the stock is conical although this is merely a preferred design. The stock has its front and rear sides converging downwardly and is formed with a transverse vertical and diametrical socket 13, extending; at substantially right angles to said sides. The socket has its side walls converging upwardly to produce a wedge .sha ae.

The upper wedge shaped end 141- of a flat tongue 15 is driven into the socket 1?). On each side of the stock are provided flat vertical seats 1G having overhanging shoulders 17. Complementary cheek plates or hangers 18 are formed with flat inner faces 19 for contact with the seats 16. The outer sides or surfaces of the plates are curved to conform to the contour of the steek which at this point is cylindrical as is indicated at l0. The seats 11G have 'vertical key-ways 20, which may be dove-tailed or otherwise termed. lhe plates have vertical keys 9.1 on their faces 19 shaped to tit in the keyways.

When the key is slid into the key-wa y from the bottom the shoulder 17 rests upon the top of the plate and said key, thus taking;` the upward thrust sustained by said plate. The plates have their faces 19 substantially par allel to the sides of the tongue 15 and spaced therefrom. At the lower ends of the key ways the bottom of the stock is formed with sunips 22 (Figs. 3 and 5). By observing Figs. 2, e, and 5 it will be seen that the front and rear sides of the stock and the edges of the plates are cut at such angles that the lower bearing ends of the plates are in offset relation with respect to a transverse axis passing centrally through the tongue. However the keys and key-ways are located centrally of the stock and a single locking pin 23 holds the plates against downward 'displacement; the keys themselves preventing horizontal displacement.

The manner Aofyfastening the pin 23 is unique. At one endthe pin' has a head 24 countersunk in a counter bore 25 in one of the plates 18 (Fig. 3). This head has a Wrench socket 26 2) therein.k The other end of the Vpin is reduced and termed with an finclined annular shoulder 27 (Fig. 5). A shouldered nut 28' is countersunk in a vcounter bore 29 in the other lcheek plate.

. This has a wrench socket 30 `and screws on -plates spread; however any suitable means of fastening the plates may be usedi The plates and tongue support the ends of axlesorlsh'afts 32. Each axle is aduplicate of the other and has its outer end engagingin a bearing step 33'inthe inner tace 19 at the lower end of the adjacentfplate 18. At its inner end each axle has a trunnion 34 en- 'gagging' in a slot 35: in the tongue 15. The

axles are placed relativelysideby side and each trunnionhas a 'lat side 36 4(Figs. 4 and 6); The slot 354 is of 'such shape and size as torreceive the trunnion only when their flat sides are in Contact,` thus preventingl rotation of said axles. However the axles are bal-y ancedfand counter rotate.

'Each akle has formed thereon annular bearing collars 37 38 'and39 respectively, increasing in diameter 'and stepped in the order enumerated.` The particular 4ceilistruction of the axle is important to the result soiight. viz: thatl of' moving the disks radially oi each other as they revolve so as to displace drillings lodging4 therebetween. By observing Figs. 44 and 6 it will be seenthat the collars are disposed in eccentric relation and by referring' toV Fig-s. 3, '4 and 6, it willi be observed that'the trunnion 34 oit each is concentric to the collar 37 vwhile the outer end of the axle is concentric to the coll ar 39, however this is subject to variation. The collar 38 intermediate the collars 37 and 3S) is usually balanced therebetween so as not to influence the'axle to rotate; rlhe ends ofthe axle beine; concentric. to the adjacent. collars V37 and 39 preventing'rotation of said axle. The ii'at sides 36 are cut at. such points as to position the axles with the greatest projectionsfo'f their collarsin the horizontal plane ofsaid axles and on the front'side with rel ation `to the rotation' of the bit stock.

On'each collar 39 ismounted a circular Leanser cutter disk 43; on the collar 3S a circular cutter disk 42 and on the collar 37 a circular cutter disk 41. rl`he disks increase in diameter outwardly :trom the center disk 41, thus being stepped at the bottom olf the drill. Each disk has a double `flared central bearing` aperture 40, the least diameter ot which is greater than the diameter oi' the collar on which it is mounted. rlhe intermediate disk 42 of each axle has a concentric hub boss Ail;

on its side next to the disk 41, which latter has a concentric hub boss 45 contacting with the boss 44. The disk 42 has on its other .sido a concentric boss 4G larger in diameter than the boss 44 and engaginspi` a boss 47 on the side otthe disk The liared aperture 4d oi cach disk cxtends through its boss or bosses and thc bearing` surface thereof iis struck on a continuous curve or convex arc. This plays an important part in the dorninatiiufj vl'calurc o'f this invention, which 'the 'wolfiblimr or the disks. itis pointed out that cach collar has a, bearing; tace or periphery ot greater widtl. than tlie'liub of the vdisk n'iountcd ther-con, thus providing` lor lateral plavor movement ol cach disk indcpcndentlv oi' thc other disksI on the saine axle and permitting` a. rocking;r or oscillating; motion, due to the double liared aperture Each disk. owini to the clearance between the curved walls ol' the aperture and the collar on which it is n'iounted, is tree to underggjo :i relative r11- dial motion, which tends to :nnplii'v its wobbling. l

The character ot disk inol'lntingi which has been pointed out has numerous advantages, such as that oit eelt "nupcninu: ready rolling` or revolution. which means proper traction; rapid cutting in shale and rock ikirmations as well as in sol't and viscous formations; and sclt' cleaning. 'lhcsc dislis do not need rieasc or oil lubrication as tln` iluid pumped through thc drill .siem will keep them clean. cool and :trcc 'from cxcc sive wear on the axles. 'lhc disks used :irc ot conliiarativeliv small diameters when coutrastcd with the disks used on drills olA this class. Very satis'liactfn'y results have been had with a ten inch drill lmring;l its largest disk substantiall.)7 7% inches in diameter.

Ey reason or the eccentric collars thc disks are caused to moveridiallrv oi'V cach other and have those portions lying' ontnunilliv ct their hub bosses, spaced apart by said bosses. This pi'ovides ample clearance between the sides oi the disks their cutting; edges and tends to displace, radially. :inv drillinin-f. rocks or other obstructions lodging between the disks. By having); the greatest prcliections ot the collars in the lnnizontal plano co-'incident with the axis ol the urlo., said disks will undergo their AQreatcst relative displacement at substantiallay the points o'l` contact with the walls o'l the hole being;

lllfi tin o' vtoiurue lo, axles 32 and disks.

drilled, so that theA cuttings lodging between the disks will be carried away trom such points et contactyshould they lodge between the disks.

lt is preferable to torni the outer edge ot cach disk 'with a bevel 4:8, inclininpl away trom the center o1 the bit stock, and an annular bearing tace e9.. the latterbeing1 comparatively narrow and forming the cutedge. .its slight width enhancingl the weaii'iug qualities and obvating; the chipping;

`tendency ol a knife edge, until the disk is worn in. lThe inclination ot the beel i8 induces the disks in revolvingl to overcome the centrifugal. act-ion due to the rotation ot the bit bodyw and tend to move toward the tongue lo; however the stepped order oit the d crowns t-he bottom et the hole and thus counteracts the inward movement olf the disks. This combined action together with the wobbling and oscillating` ot the disks results in a :c inding ot the bevels e8, whereby the disks are seit-sharpening.

The wearing` paii'tsare the cheek plates 18, By simply taking out the pin 2B all of the parts referred to may be removed and replaced or renewed. The suinps E22 give clearance above the disks 43.

A well 50 is bored axially in the pin ll and stock 10 to a point just above the socket 13. Duets or courses 51 diverge from the lower portion oit the well (Figs. 1., 2, 5 and 8) on each side 01"' said socket. Each duct has a flaring' mouth 52 at its lower portion, whereby the diameter ot the duct is gradually increased as it approaches its discharge end;

The ducts are directed downwardly and outwardly and the under tace 53 of the stock for each pair ot duets is cut at substantially right angles to the ducts. By this :n'rangement the ducts discharge over the disks at points adinet-int the advance thereof instead ot at the axles, thus apply- :ingr the tluid more etectively and more directly to 'the points oil contact with the substance being' bored or drilled and making` ttor better cleaning); ot the disks. By observingr Fin'. 2 it willlbe seen that the luid is discharged substantially tangentially to the disks over the edges thereof and consequently the edges will be cleaned and cooled.

Vthe parallel arrangement of the axles whereby said axles are offset, together with their disks.) on opposite sides et the transverse axis ol the bit is important as it gives the disks the proper drag; and roll necessary to successful boring. The stepping ot the disks makes the drill seit-centering. The curved bearing surfaces ot the apertures l0 have a greater area than a cylindrical bore, thus providing ampliiied. wearing` surfaces.

hs hereinbeilore brought out, it is desirable that the bores ot the disks be made larger than the vdiameters et the axles7 so that instead of having merely a turninpil lit and the play usually present, the clearance or play between the journal ot each disk and its axle is such as to initially rive the disk a very loose (it, whereby it may wobble or oscillatev while revolving; and may also have a lateral movement and a vertical movement. However, it is obvious that by providing the convex surface 40 in the bore of the disk and allowing the said boro only a turning.; tit on the aigle, the disk would necessarily rock transversely it it was given any clearance at all. on each side. Such a niountine' would cause the disk to wobble or oscillate and it could also move laterally. however, it would not have any vertical. movement. used then the bore would have to be lai-gre enough to kgive clearance in excess et that present in the usual turning` fit.

Various` changes in the site and shape et the different parts, as well as modifications and alterations, may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

l/V hat l claimT is:

l. ln a n'iultiple cutter disk bit :t bit stock, a pair ot axles oppositely directed and mounted in the bit stock on opposite sides et the transverse axis et said stock, and a plurality of disks on each aille dispo. l in eccentric relation to each other and itially mounted upon said axles with sutucient play to permit lateral movement thereon"during revolution.

2. ln a multiple cutter disk bit, a bit stock a pair ot' axles oppositely directed and mounted in the bit stock, on opposite sides ot the transverse anis of said stock, and a plurality et disks on each axle disposed in eccentric relation to each other and initially mounted upon said axles with sutlicient play to wobble thereon during revolution. i

il. In a multiple cutter disk bit. a stock two groupsot cutters each disposed on opposite sides ot the stock` the cutters ot a group beine; mounted in eccentric relation to each other, each cutter being initially mounted with suliicient play at its joinfnal to wobble at its periphery while revolving.

4l. In a multiple cutter disk bit, a uit stock, a pair ot oppositely directed arles mounted and permanently nuiintained traneversely et the bit stock, and a plurality oit cutter disks mounted on each axle each having a spacing1 boss at its hub and initially mounted on its axle to treely move laterally thereon while revolving'.

5. In a multiple cutter disk bit, a bit stock` groups ot cutter disks, each ,ejroup being dis posed on opposite sides ot the stock, the disks ot a group being disposed in eccentric relation to each otherq each cutter disk being;l initially mounted and having sullicient pl uy to move laterally during revolution. i

It the convex bores were not 6. ln `a multiple cutter ydisk bit, a stock, two groups oi' cutters each disposed `on opposite sides of the stock,y the cutters 'of a group being mounted in eccentric relation to leach other, each cutter being initially mounted with suliicient play atits journal to wobble atlits periphery While revolving, the outei-,

mostdisks projecting below the 'innermost disks. 1

. *7. ln a vmultiple cutter diskbit, abit'stock, a` pair 'of oppositely directed axles having their inner ends supported at the center ot thestock, outer inei'nbers 'carried by thestock and supporting the outer endsof the axles, and a plurality oi cutter disks mounted on Vveach axle in eccentricrelation to each other,

' mountedto shitttransversely atits periphery relatively ot its cutting arc, ivhile revolving, andA ducts for supplying a liquid to the peripheries and des ot thedisks.

' 9.V As an artic'leot manufacture, a` circular disk having a ,cutting edge and l`provided with a central bore having its Walls curved longitudinally thereof. l

l0. In amult-iple cutter disk bit, a stock having a drill connection at its upper end, supports depending'iiroin the lower end of `the stock, the` outer supports being removable, axles carried by thesupports, and a plurality of cutter disks mounted on each axle in eccentricv relation between its supports, s'aid disks having a hnbthickness less than the spaces betiveen the supports, Whereby said disks are tree toinove laterally on said axles.

ll. ln a multiple cutterdisk bit, a bit stock having diametrically opposite seais,

.cheek plates venga{ ,fing the seats and' depending troniy theV stock, means tor 'fastening the plates `on the seats vofthe stock, a central support depending 'from the stock'betu'een the plates` axles having their outer ends carried by the plates andtheir inner einlsengaged in said central support, and a plurality ot cutter disks mounted in 'eccentric relation on each axle and movable laterally and vertically thereof.

12. ln `a, multiple cutter disk bit, a bit stock having opposite seats, a removable tongue mounted inthe bottoinol'the stock, cheek plates `fittingr on the seat-s and depending from the stock `on each side ot the tongue, axles having'their outer ends supported by the cheek plates and their linner ends en transverse axis of said bit, means ttor reinov 4ably fastening the plates to the stock, and

a plurality of cutter disks disposed in eccentric relation and so loosely mounted as to shift laterally on the axles between the tongue and the plates to sharpen and cut While revolving.

13. lin a multiple cutter disk bit, a bit stock, supports 'depending from the stock, transverse axleslhaving their ends carried by said supportsand provided ivith eccentric bearing collars, and cutter disks so loosely mounted on said collars as to shilt laterally on said collars and to move vertically thereof to sharpen and cut While revolving.

lll. ln a multiple cutter disk bit, a bit stock, supports depending from the stock and spaced apart, transverse axles having their ends carried by the supports, eccentric bearingv collars on the axles, and cutter disks `having flaring bearing apertures receiving said collars, ivhercby the disks are mounted to rock on the axles.

l5. ln a multiple cutter disk bit, a bit stock, a removable toilgue depending from the center ot the stock, removable cheek plates secured to the stock on opposite sides oli-the tongue, transverse axles having their outer ends mounted'in the plates, the tongue having a slotlor receiving the inner ends oit saidv axles, saitl axles being held against' rota,-

ti'on, eccentric bearing collars carried bythe axles, and Cutter disks iuounted on the collars sutliciently loose to undergo lateral movement therein.

Vlo. Vln'a multiple cutter disk bit. a bit stock, supports depending from said stock and spaced apart, axles carried by said supports, ect-entric collars carried by said axles, and circular cutter disks mounted ou the collars and having spacing bosses at their hubs, said disks beingl movable laterally and radially.

17. In a multiplo cutter disk bit, a bit stock, supports depending 'from said stock and spaced apart, axles carried by said supports, eccentric collars carried by said axles, and circular cutter disks mounted ou the col lars and having spacing bosses at their hubs. said disks having` llaring` bearingl apertures surrounding said eccentric collars, u'lieroby said disks are free to oscillate.

y 18,111 a multiple cutter' disk bit` a bit stock having seats on opposite sides and "key-Ways in said seats, cheek plates engaging said seatsand havingl keys engaging in said key-ways, a fastening pin passing` transversely through the stock and plates, axles 'carried by the plates, a central support carried by the stock, axles carried by the plates y'and support, eccentric collars on the axles,

and' laterally movable cutter disks ol stepped diameters mounted on said eccentric collars. '19. lu a multiple cutter' disk bit, a, bit

stock having seats on opposite sides and keyways in said seats, cheek plates engaging said seats and having keys engaging .in said keysways, a fastening pin passing trans versely through the stock plates, axles earried by the plates7 a central tongue inserted in the bottoni of the stock and fastened by the pin, axles carried by the plates and tongue and innnovably held in the tongue, eccentric collars on the axles between the tongue and the plates, and eut-ter disks concentrically mounted on the collars and having l'laring bearing apertures surrounding said eollars, whereby said disks are free to oseillate.

20. ln a multiple critter disk bit, a bit stock, supports depending from the lower end oil' the stock, axles stationary in the supports and having bearing -faces in stepped horizontal planes, and disks mounted on the stepped bearing faces and extending downward to diiterent extents, said disks being suilieiently loose on said bearing laces to iuove laterally and vertically thereon while revolving.

2l. In a multiple cutter disk bit, a bit stock, supports depending from and removably attached to opposite sides oi the stock, a central tongue removably inserted in the stock between said supports and depending frein said stock, a 'fastening device passing through the stock and engaging the supports and tongue in connnon, axles carried by the supports and tongue, and disks mounted on the axles between the supports and the tongue.

22. In a multiple cutter disk bit, a bit stock, supports at the lower end ol the stock, and a plurality of revoluble disks journaled between said supports and having lared bearing supports and sullicient clearance therebetween to rock on said bearings while revolvii'lg.

23. ln a multiple cutter disk bit, a bit stock, supports at the lower end of the stock, and a plurality of revoluble disks journaled between said supports and having flared bearing supports and su'liieient clearance therebetween to rock on said bearings while revolving, the journals ol the disks being larger than their supports to permit the disks to inove vertically.,

In testimony whereof I aliix iny signature.

CHARLES S. CRIGKMER. 

